Bracteates are thin, uni-faced coins that were struck with only one die. A piece of soft-material was placed under the flan, thereby creating a design of the obverse that can be seen as a mirror image on the reverse. Although these coins were very fragile, they dominated the coinage for 150-200 years in large parts of medieval Europe. This book is about the function of bracteates and how they can be linked to the evolution of coinage policies especially re-coinage.To date almost all books, articles and documents on the subject are written in the German language and outside of Germany interest in collecting bracteates is not great. However the function and history of bracteates is the very essence of the development of coinage in the Middle-Ages and economic history as a whole.Thus, this book is not only for numismatists, but is also of great importance to economic historians; it is a revised and updated version of a book previously published in the Swedish language by the Swedish Numismatic Society in 2012.

Some of the most famous stories in the Bible revolve around coins. From the widow’s mite to Judas’s thirty pieces of silver, the original narratives and their later translations have used local coins to make the Gospels relate to audiences over the ages. In turn, early Biblical writings have directly inspired the earliest artistic expression of Christian faith on coin designs.

This catalogue provides an authoritative guide to the different major coinages of William IV, Victoria, Edward VII, George V and George VI, with detailed colour illustrations of each coin. This work is based upon that of Major Pridmore (The Coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Part 4 India) and has been authored by Dr Paul Stevens and Randy Weir. The authors aim to share their wealth of knowledge, experience and passion for these coins with collectors both old and new.

This catalogue provides a general introduction to Sikh coins and provides access to the British Museum's collection. The catalogue details every Sikh coin in the collection and includes a history of the collection with insights into the history of the Sikh empire and the practise of Sikhism. With information denominations, mints, coin inscriptions and dating together with maps and high quality images this book will be of interest to specialists and non-specialists alike both within the UK and worldwide.

This fourth volume contains a comprehensive listing of the Roman coinage of the period AD 284-337 together with background information on the history of each reign and the principal characteristic of its coinage. The catalogue is organised primarily by ruler with the issues then subdivided by denomination and by reverse legend and type.

The Viking Age was a period of great economic complexity and experimentation in Scandinavia. By the end of the period, an ancient 'display' economy, based on ornaments of precious metal, had been largely replaced by counted money and national coinages. But this development was neither simple nor linear: for much of the Viking Age, several silver economies co-existed and interacted. The role of silver in Viking-age society and economy has recently developed into an exciting interdisciplinary topic for research. New evidence raises debates on the nature of valuables, bullion, monetisation, commodity money, and early urban trade. This book brings together an international group of archaeologists, historians and numismatists to draw a balance sheet of current research. Based on a symposium held in Aarhus, Denmark in 2008, it provides a structured basis for comparison, combining regional overviews with case-studies of significant sites or hoards. The book is dedicated to Dr Mark Blackburn (1953-2011) in recognition of his outstanding contribution to Viking-age numismatics and monetary history.

Publication of the proceedings of a conference held to mark the 150th anniversary of the British Museum's Department of Coins and Medals in 2011. The publication spells out ways forward for numismatic activity and the roles UK museums may play in developing the discipline in the 21st century.

The British Museum's collection of Japanese coins is one of the best outside Japan. Many of the coins were originally in the collection of Japan's renowned numismatist and collector, Kutsuki Masatsuna (1750-1802), and were acquired by the British Museum in the 1880s. At the same time as Kutsuki Masatsuna was building up his collection, European scholars were also visiting Japan, and paying particular attention to coins as they sought to gain knowledge and understanding. This is the first catalogue of the British Museum's collection of Japanese coins. Details of each coin are given in Japanese and English, along with colour illustrations. Joe Cribb is Research Keeper in the Department of Coins and Medals, the British Museum. Nobuhisa Furuta is Former Chief Researcher at the Institute for Oriental Currency, Sapporo. Peter Kornicki is Professor of East Asian Studies, University of Cambridge. Shin'ichi Sakuraki is Professor of Japanese History, Shimonoseki City University. Tim Screech is Professor in the History of Art, School of Oriental and African Studies, London. Helen Wang is Curator of East Asian Money, the British Museum. She has published a catalogue of Chairman Mao badges in the Research Publications Series (no. 169).

This third volume continues the comprehensive revision of this era, and covers in detail the next fifty years; a very different period during which the Empire came perilously close to total disintegration under the pressure of foreign invasions and seemingly interminable civil war. The economy also collapsed and with it the Imperial coinage, a desperate situation which was only partially alleviated by the currency reform of Aurelian undertaken late in his reign. The complexities of the mint attributes in this chaotic period - lacking as the do in almost instance the name or initial of the responsible mint - have been dealt with in light of recent scholarship.

A comprehensive guide to the protocol and regulations of wearing orders, decorations and medals currently in force in the United Kingdom and its associated territories.

This book, written by an expert in the field and drawing on recent research, aims to put Britain's eighteenth-century provincial token coinage into the context of the currency problems of the time. On the basis of a wide-range of both documentary and secondary sources it examines its major manufacturers and their intentions, and through profiles of many of the issuers involved it sets out to give a living dimension to a bygone monetary phenomenon.

The original edition of this volume was published by Seaby thirty-six years ago and has been through three revisions (1970, 1974, and 1981). The only one-volume price guide to the coinage of Republican and Imperial Rome. It is an indispensable listing of all major types of gold, silver and bronze, issued over some seven hundred and fifty years by the greatest militaristic state the world has ever known. Over 4,300 coins are included with detailed description and valuations and all major and minor personalities are listed by means of their portrait coins. This fourth revised edition takes note of recent work in the field, especially that of Professor Michael Crawford.

This book focuses on the money of Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800, a period of over 900 years, across a vast geographical area with a very diverse population of different cultures and traditions. The only relevant historical accounts are those found in the Chinese dynastic histories, yet these contain few references to money in Eastern Central Asia. This study therefore depends almost entirely on the archaeological evidence for money found at sites in the region, in the form of coins and contemporary documentary evidence. The book is arranged in four parts. The first part presents the background to the study, the second the numismatic evidence, the third gives the evidence for money in the contemporary documents excavated at sites in Eastern Central Asia, and the concluding part brings together the data from the numismatic and documentary evidence to create a new framework for money in early Eastern Central Asia.

Durable and iconic, coins are some of the most revealing everyday objects left to us from the ancient world. For the most part, however, they have been considered the special domain of numismatists, who typically seek to assemble as many varieties as possible. But in focusing on the rarities that form a collection's highlights, numismatists slight contextual clues to economic history and the daily use of coins as money. In this volume, Erik Christiansen uses Alexandrian coin hoards -- meaning finds of at least two coins buried together -- to explore the use of money in Egypt from its conquest by Augustus in 30 BC to Diocletian's currency reform in AD 296. Although these finds, with their wide array of Graeco-Roman and Alexandrian reverses, have traditionally been classified as a part of Greek coinage, he demonstrates clearly that they belong to the Roman imperial coinage. The hoards also show that Roman Egypt enjoyed a widespread monetised economy, in addition to the credit system described in extant papyri. The relative abundance of such documents provides Christiansen with a good supplemental source of information for his conclusions. And since financial administration probably was quite uniform throughout the Empire, this book provides a useful window not only on Rome's shifting economic fortunes, but also on monetary policy in other parts of the Empire that did not leave behind the same rich heritage of coins and documents as Egypt.

Volume II now extends coverage of the Imperial series from Nerva, the 'thirteenth Caesar' and first of the 'Adoptive' emperors, down to the overthrow of the Severan dynasty in 235. It encompasses what may justifiably be termed the 'golden age' of the Roman imperial coinage. The full development of the Augustan system of coin denomination and perfection of the method by which government propaganda was communicated to the citizenry through the medium of coinage both reached their peak during these fourteen decades.

The rich numismatic collections of Turkish provincial museums are still relatively unknown and this volume presents for the first time the coinage in the museum of Amasya, which, under its ancient name of Amaseia, was one of the major centres of north-east Anatolia. In the Hellenistic period it was capital of the powerful kingdom of Pontus, while under the Roman empire it boasted the title of `Metropolis and First City' of its province. Over 4,500 coins held in the museum are catalogued, ranging in date from the 5th century BC until the 11th century AD. Most are finds from the surrounding region, so that there are rich holdings from the mints of Amaseia, Amisus, Sinope and Cappadcian Caesarea; but over 50 other mints in Asia Minor are represented and some coins come from as far afield as Alexandria in Egypt and Arles in Gaul.