Landscape archaeology, a recent theoretical discovery in the west, has long been practised by eastern european scholars. This stimulating collection of papers ranges over the whole of central and eastern Europe and from the Neolithic to the early Medieval periods.

As part of a long-term survey of southern Etruria, the site of Monte Gelato, about 30 km north of Rome, was excavated from 1986-90. An exceptionally rich stratigraphy provided excavators with a detailed occupation narrative. An Augustan villa where dormice were eaten and eels kept as pets was abandoned in the early 3rd century AD. Sporadic settlements on the `frontier zone' of Lombard incursions were succeeded by the establishment of a fortified ecclesiastical centre and papal estate in the 9th century AD. Two major issues shaped the project design: firstly the chronology of the abandonment of Roman villas and the move to fortified castelli and secondly, the cycles of isolation from and linkage to Rome which continue to affect this beautiful area of Italy.

Introductory report and a detailed illustrated catalogue of the pottery finds from this second millennium BC Assyrian site, in modern northern Iraq.

Updating and enlarging on a lifetime's work on Augustus and his `constitutions' Lacey discusses the process of gradual encroachment whereby Augustus unobtrusively and with minimal opposition accumulated more and more power, whilst outwardly retaining the facade of a republic. Chapters examine the constitutional settlements of 27 and 23 BC, to which Lacey attributes less importance than most, the nature of the role given to Agrippa, the evolution of tribunician power, his religious prominence and dynastic arrangements. This all adds up to a very thorough and incisive study of how under Augustus the republic finally died and the principate was born.

In chronological order, recounting the interplay of political, social and economic factors, the author brings a unique understanding of the individual and combined roles in forming this great empire. Moreover, Rome's history is presented form two perspectives, both from that of the Romans throughout the Empire's existence, and from that of the present, as posterity has tried to understand what happened. The narrative throughout this work will provide the reader with a rare insight into what is understandably referred to as 'the eternal city'.

Topics include: fragments of a lorica hamata from Fluitenberg; a bronze spearhead from Augusta Rauricorum; stone barracks built to replicate tents from Spain; The de munitonibus castrorum; Hedgehogs, caltrops and palisade stakes; The ownership and disposal of military equipment in the Late Roman army; decorative objects from a Roman villa at Wange; Two dolphin scabbard runers from Carlisle.

This edition of this journal contains eight articles.

The early Roman empire took a militaristic attitude towards its neighbours, but by the reign of Justinian a complex stance had evolved in which military force was tempered by diplomacy. Covering the period from the Peace of Nisibis in 299 to the death of Anastasius in 518, the author traces the development of the diplomatic element in late East Roman foreign policy from a mere adjunct or epilogue to war, into something with the capacity of being an alternative for war. Offers a detailed narrative history of the military and diplomatic activity in this field.

Catullus' two wedding poems contain important statements regarding the poet's personality, Roman sexual morality, attitudes to love and marriage, and the practice and psychology of ancient religion. This work subjects the two poems to detailed analysis, and yields new insights into the ritual drama enacted, the mythical and erotic dimensions, and the depiction of male and female. The poems are shown to be more provocative than is usually recognised; marriage is conceived as eternal wedding night.

A secure supply of safe water is essential for the development of civilised life. The great aqueducts of the Roman period are lasting and visible symbols of ancient achievements in this area, while other, less spectacular but equally well adapted water storage and distribution systems served communities of different types. All of these systems are of interest to archaeologists and to historians of engineering and technology. This volume contains thirteen papers by leaders in the field of Roman hydraulics in response to the question: "What would be the approach most profitably to be pursued in future studies in Roman aqueducts?" The nucleus is the five revised papers of the colloquium chaired by A. T. Hodge in New York in 1987. Eight further papers were added at the editor's invitation, to make a volume varied in approach and in geographical spread, unified by the international distinction of the contributors. Trevor Hodge himself contributes a masterly, and entertaining, concluding essay on the whole question of the interdisciplinary nature of his field, its possibilities, problems and pleasures.

The fifth century AD has always been a period of intense interest for historians. At the beginning, the Roman Empire looked as impentrable as it had done for centuries, but by 500AD the world had changed beyond recognition. The western emperor had been deposed and the imperial government had lost control of most of Europe. From now on, inhabitants of western Europe lived in a post-Roman world. The writers of Latin histories in the fifth century were not concerned with the minutiae of politcs, or military affairs, they were Christians who saw the development of the world purely as God's plan for humanity. The connection between present and past was best shown through the new type of historical work, the Christian chronicle, the narrative structure of which was based around extensive lists, with minimal written detail. The three chroniclers whose work is discussed here were amongst the earliest to take up this new literary form, and each wrote a continuation of Jerome's chroncile, itself a translation of Eusebius' Christian world chronicle.

This is the first report on the finds from K. Kenyon's and J. B. Ward-Perkins' excavations at Sabratha from 1948-1951, and contains full discussion and catalogues. This volume constitutes a landmark in the study of Punic and Roman pottery from Sabratha and Tripolitania, not only covering new dated types but also quantified studies and analysis It will be a lasting reference to the pottry from this area, and invaluable also for what it brings to the historical picture of this city.

This volume describes the pottery-making depot attached to the pre-Flavian vexillation fortress of Longthorpe near Peterborough and and throws light on the problems of supply of the Roman army during the conquest campaigns. It contains a detailed report on excavations at a group of sites lying east and south-east of the Roman fortress of Longthorpe, Cambridgeshire. A second section reports on the finds from the excavations.

Full report on the 1962-6 excavations of the villa and on the finds, with discussion of the region.

The Bellum Jugurthinum is the second historical monograph (the other is the Catilina) written by C. Sallustius Crispus (probably 86-35 B.C. ), a senator, Caesarian general and historian whose political and literary career spanned the violent years which saw the end of the Roman Republic. The Bellum Jugurthinum describes an earlier war fought in North Africa at the end of the 2nd century B.

For this study of sheep-rearing in Roman Italy, Dr. Frayn presents and evaluates material from epigraphy, law, literature, archaeology, painting and sculpture to illuminate the social life of shepherd communities. Throughout, the ancient evidence for Italian practice is supplemented with comparative material from other ancient societies and (where relevant) from more modern farming experience.